Asbestos: A Hidden Hazard with Lasting Consequences

Asbestos refers to a group of fibrous minerals that can be separated into thin, durable fibers. These fibers are resistant to heat, fire, chemicals, and electricity, which made asbestos highly attractive for use in cement products, roofing sheets, insulation, brake linings, pipes, and fireproof coatings. Its low cost and versatility led to massive global adoption throughout the 20th century. The danger of asbestos lies in its microscopic fibers. When asbestos-containing materials are disturbed—during construction, renovation, demolition, or natural aging—tiny fibers can be released into the air. Once inhaled, these fibers can lodge deep in the lungs and remain there for decades. Over time, they cause chronic inflammation and cellular damage. Exposure to asbestos is strongly linked to severe diseases such as asbestosis (a progressive lung scarring disease), lung cancer, and mesothelioma, a rare and aggressive cancer affecting the lining of the lungs or abdomen. One of the most alarming aspects of asbestos-related diseases is their long latency period: symptoms may not appear until 20–50 years after exposure, making early detection difficult. Despite bans and strict regulations in many countries, asbestos has not disappeared. Older buildings often still contain asbestos materials, and improper handling can pose risks to workers and residents. In some regions, asbestos use continues due to limited regulation or lack of awareness, further extending the global health burden. Effective asbestos management relies on proper identification, risk assessment, and professional handling. Testing and analysis are essential before renovation or demolition, and removal must be conducted by trained specialists following strict safety procedures. Public awareness and regulatory enforcement remain key to preventing future exposure and protecting public health.